Prophet Muhammad ﷺ:
"The believer’s shade on the Day of Resurrection will be his charity."
Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 604


















This essay traces the rise, institutionalization, and challenges of Malikism in Ifriqiya and the Maghreb, its confrontation with Fatimids and Almohads, and its political role. It highlights the interplay of power, law, and jihad as tools of legitimacy, showing how Malikism endured, adapted, and coexisted with rival doctrines across centuries.
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Canada has long presented itself as a multicultural democracy that protects religious freedom under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, particularly through guarantees of freedom of religion and freedom of expression. For many Muslim immigrants, these protections were central to the decision to settle in Canada. Families came seeking a society where their children could practice Islam openly, establish mosques, teach their religious tradition, and preserve their identity without fear of persecution. Recent legislative proposals from the federal Liberal government have sparked debate over whether these protections are being restricted. One such proposal is Bill C-9, the Combatting Hate Act, introduced in 2025 to amend Canada’s Criminal Code in response to rising hate crimes and threats against religious institutions.
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